UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to _________

Commission File Number 000-55575

SIGYN THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(619) 353-0800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of June 30, 2023 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter), the aggregate market value of the issued and outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $1,859,140. For purposes of the above statement only, all directors, executive officers and 10% shareholders are assumed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for any other purpose.

As of February 16, 2024, there were 1,224,315 shares of common stock outstanding.

SIGYN THERAPEUTICS, INC.

2023 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Description of Business,” “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “seeks,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the factors described in the section captioned “Risk Factors” below. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Such statements may include, but are not limited to, information related to: anticipated operating results; licensing arrangements; relationships with our customers; consumer demand; financial resources and condition; changes in revenues; changes in profitability; changes in accounting treatment; cost of sales; selling, general and administrative expenses; interest expense; the ability to secure materials and subcontractors; the ability to produce the liquidity or enter into agreements to acquire the capital necessary to continue our operations and take advantage of opportunities; legal proceedings and claims.

Also, forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report. You should read this report and the documents that we reference and filed as exhibits to this report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

USE OF CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS

Except as otherwise indicated by the context, references in this report to “we,” “us,” “our,” “our Company,” or “the Company” is of Sigyn Therapeutics, Inc.

In addition, unless the context otherwise requires and for the purposes of this report only:

PART I

Item 1. Business

Background

Business Overview

Sigyn Therapeutics, Inc. (“Sigyn”, the “Company” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a development-stage company that creates blood purification technologies to overcome clearly defined limitations in healthcare.

Sigyn Therapy™, our lead product candidate, is being advanced to treat life-threatening conditions that are not addressed with market-cleared drug agents. Candidate treatment indications include endotoxemia, sepsis (a leading cause of hospital deaths), community acquired pneumonia (a leading cause of infectious disease deaths), drug-resistant bacterial infections, and emerging pandemic viral threats.

We plan to initiate first-in-human feasibility studies of Sigyn Therapy^TM in End-Stage Renal Disease (“ESRD”) patients with endotoxemia and concurrent inflammation, whose incidence is elevated among ~550,000 U.S. dialysis patients. To support the initiation of our proposed study, we have drafted an Investigational Device Exemption (“IDE”) for submission to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). Our clinical study plan proposes to enroll 12-15 ESRD subjects to evaluate the safety of Sigyn Therapy at three clinical site locations that have already been identified and evaluated by a contract research organization that specializes in ESRD related clinical studies. Beyond our clinical objective to demonstrate safety, we will also quantify changes in endotoxin levels as well as markers of inflammation as secondary endpoints. However, the clinical plan proposed in our IDE has not yet been communicated to FDA and there is no assurance that FDA will approve the initiation of our proposed feasibility study. Additionally, there is no assurance that we will receive FDA market approval of Sigyn Therapy^TM as a Class III medical device.

Our Therapeutic Pipeline

Our therapeutic pipeline is comprised of technologies that we have designed to improve the targeted delivery of cancer drug agents. ChemoPrep^TM and ChemoPure^TM are components of a therapeutic system to improve the delivery of chemotherapy and reduce its toxicity. ImmunePrep^TM is a novel platform to enhance the potential efficacy of immunotherapeutic antibodies (including checkpoint inhibitors). At present, we have no market approved medical products and there is no assurance that we will be able to commercialize any of our product candidates.

ChemoPrep^TM and ChemoPure^TM

On October 6, 2022, we disclosed that a provisional patent application entitled: “SYSTEM AND METHODS TO ENHANCE CHEMOTHERAPY DELIVERY AND REDUCE TOXICITY” had been filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”). The provisional patent submission established the priority date for our patent pending invention and provided us up to one year to submit a non-provisional patent application. On October 4, 2023, we subsequently disclosed that a non-provisional Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”) submission had been filed to support the continued advancement of this patent. Related to these patent submissions, trademark applications to register ChemoPrep™ and ChemoPure™ have been filed with the USPTO. However, there is no assurance that we will receive a registered trademark for either the ChemoPrep™ or ChemoPure^TM name, nor is there any assurance that patent submissions associated with ChemoPrep™ and ChemoPure^TM will result in an issued patent.

Chemotherapeutic agents are the most commonly administered drug to treat cancer, which is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Despite therapeutic advances, treatment toxicity, drug resistance and inadequate tumor site delivery restrict the benefit of chemotherapy. To overcome these challenges, our patent submission describes a therapeutic device system whose primary objective is to enhance tumor site delivery of chemotherapy and reduce its toxicity. A secondary objective of the system is to reduce treatment dosing without sacrificing patient benefit.

Our proposed chemotherapy enhancement system is comprised of two blood purification technologies. ChemoPrep^TM, administered prior to chemotherapy to optimize tumor site delivery with lower chemotherapy doses and ChemoPure^TM, which is deployed post-chemotherapy to further reduce toxicity through the extraction of circulating chemotherapeutic agents that were not delivered to the target tumor site.

ImmunePrep^TM

On May 17, 2023, we disclosed that a provisional patent application entitled: “DEVICES FOR ENHANCING THE ACTIVITY OF THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES” had been submitted to the USPTO. The provisional patent submission established the priority date of this patent pending invention and provides us up to one year to submit a non-provisional patent application. Associated with this patent submission, we further disclosed that a trademark application to register the name ImmunePrep^TM had also been filed with the USPTO. However, there is no assurance that we will receive a registered trademark for the ImmunePrep^TM name, nor is there any assurance that patent submissions associated with ImmunePrep^TM will result in an issued patent.

We intend for ImmunePrep^TM to become a platform that allows for antibody-based immunotherapies to be incorporated within plasma extraction devices to enhance the targeted delivery of therapeutic antibodies without increased drug toxicity.

Therapeutic antibodies are market-cleared to treat a variety of indications, including cancer. However, patient response to these therapies is often suboptimal as just a small portion of infused antibodies reach their intended therapeutic target. In many cases, infused antibodies are bound by drug decoys that display the antibody’s antigen binding site on their surface. As a result, these decoys are empowered to bind and sequester antibodies from being delivered to their intended therapeutic targets.

ImmunePrep^TM is designed to extract bloodstream decoys that would subsequently block the infused delivery of therapeutic antibodies. The mechanistic objective of this pre-treatment strategy is to increase the availability of antibodies to interact with their intended therapeutic targets. Conversely, the ability of therapeutic targets to evade antibody interactions would be diminished.

Merger Transaction

On October 19, 2020, Sigyn Therapeutics, Inc, a Delaware corporation (the “Registrant”) formerly known as Reign Resources Corporation, completed a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Sigyn Therapeutics, Inc., a private entity incorporated in the State of Delaware on October 19, 2019.

In the Share Exchange Agreement, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of privately held Sigyn Therapeutics common stock in exchange for 75% of the fully paid and nonassessable shares of our common stock outstanding (the “Acquisition”). In conjunction with the transaction, we changed our name from Reign Resources Corporation to Sigyn Therapeutics, Inc. pursuant to an amendment to our articles of incorporation that was filed with the State of Delaware. Subsequently, our trading symbol was changed to SIGY. The Acquisition was treated by the Company as a reverse merger in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). For accounting purposes, Sigyn is considered to have acquired Reign Resources Corporation as the accounting acquirer because: (i) Sigyn stockholders own 75% of the combined company, on an as-converted basis, immediately following the Closing Date, (ii) Sigyn directors hold a majority of board seats in the combined company and (iii) Sigyn management held all key positions in the management of the combined company. Accordingly, Sigyn’s historical results of operations will replace Reign Resources Corporation’s historical results of operations for all periods prior to the Acquisition and, for all periods following the Acquisition, the results of operations of the combined company will be included in the Company’s financial statements. The Acquisition was treated as a “tax-free exchange” under Section 368 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and resulted in the private Sigyn Therapeutics corporate entity (established on October 29, 2019) to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Reign Resources Corporation. Among the conditions for closing the acquisition, the Reign Resources Corporation extinguished all previously reported liabilities, its preferred class of shares, and all stock purchase options. As a result, the reported liabilities totaling $3,429,516 were converted into a total of 197,684 common shares. Additionally, assets held on the books of Reign Resources Corporation, such as Gem inventory, was kept in the Company and therefore recorded as assets on the Share Exchange date. Upon the closing of the Acquisition, we appointed James A. Joyce and Craig P. Roberts to serve as members of our Board of Directors.

As of February 16, 2024, we had a total 1,224,315 shares issued and outstanding, of which 647,415 shares are held by non-affiliate shareholders.

Post-Merger Developments

Since the consummation of the merger transaction on October 19, 2020, we have advanced Sigyn Therapy from conceptual design through completion of in vitro studies that have quantified the reduction of relevant therapeutic targets from human blood plasma with small-scale versions of Sigyn Therapy. These include endotoxin (gram-negative bacterial toxin); peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid (gram-positive bacterial toxins); viral pathogens (including SARS-CoV-2); hepatic toxins (ammonia, bile acid, and bilirubin); and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which are pro-inflammatory cytokines whose dysregulated production (the cytokine storm) precipitate sepsis and play a prominent role in each of our therapeutic opportunities.

Subsequent to these studies, we disclosed the completion of in vivo animal studies. In these studies, Sigyn Therapy was administered via standard dialysis machines utilizing conventional blood-tubing sets, for periods of up to six hours in eight (8) porcine (pig) subjects, each weighing approximately 40-45 kilograms. The studies were comprised of a pilot phase (two subjects), which evaluated the feasibility of the study protocol in the first-in-mammal use of Sigyn Therapy; and an expansion phase (six subjects) to further assess treatment feasibility and refine pre-treatment set-up and operating procedures. There were no serious adverse events reported in any of the treated animal subjects. Of the eight treatments, seven were administered for the entire six-hour treatment period. One treatment was halted early due to the observation of a clot in the device, which was believed to be the result of a procedural deviation in the pre-treatment set-up. Important criteria for treatment feasibility – including hemodynamic parameters, serum chemistries and hematologic measurements – were stable across all subjects.

The studies were conducted by a clinical team at Innovative BioTherapies, Inc. (“IBT”), under a contract with the University of Michigan to utilize animal care, associated institutional review oversight, as well as surgical suite facilities located within the North Campus Research Complex. The treatment protocol of the study was reviewed and approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (“IACUC”).

The animal studies were conducted to correspond with FDA’s best practice guidance. The number of animals enrolled in our study and the amount of data collected was based on the ethical and least burdensome principles that underly the FDA goal of using the minimum number of animals necessary to generate valid scientific data to demonstrate reasonable feasibility and performance of a medical device prior to human study consideration. A porcine animal model is a generally accepted model for the study of extracorporeal blood purification devices intended to treat infectious disease and inflammatory disorders. Regardless of these factors, FDA may require that we conduct additional animal studies.

The data resulting from our in vivo and in vitro studies is being incorporated into an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) that we are drafting for submission to the FDA to support the potential initiation of a human feasibility study in ESRD patients with endotoxemia and concurrent inflammation. As per the study protocol, Sigyn Therapy is to be administered in combination with the regularly scheduled dialysis treatments of enrolled subjects. The primary study objective will be to evaluate the safety of Sigyn Therapy in health compromised ESRD patients. A secondary objective will be to quantify changes in circulating levels of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-αlpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) before and after each Sigyn Therapy administration. Endotoxin and excess TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production are commonly associated with each of our candidate treatment indications, including sepsis and community-acquired pneumonia.

Based on our previous experience in developing extracorporeal blood purification therapies, we believe that we have collected sufficient data to support first-in-human studies of Sigyn Therapy. Sigyn Therapy, as a significant risk Class III device, which requires extensive pre-clinical and clinical studies to be conducted along with the submission of a Pre-Market Approval (PMA) application prior to market clearance consideration by FDA. At present, we are identifying candidate clinical site locations and then plan to submit an IDE application to FDA related to the potential initiation of a human feasibility study to demonstrate the safety of Sigyn Therapy. Our clinical strategy has not yet been communicated to FDA and there is no assurance that FDA will approve the initiation of our feasibility study. Additionally, while we believe the data from our in vivo and in vitro studies provides support for our IDE submission, FDA may request that we conduct additional animal or pre-clinical studies prior to approving our IDE. Among our previous experiences in developing extracorporeal blood purification therapies, our CEO oversaw the development of the Aethlon Hemopurifier, a blood purification device that received an FDA “Breakthrough Device” designation for the treatment of life-threatening viruses and was awarded a second FDA “Breakthrough Device” designation related to the treatment of cancer. The Hemopurifier has not yet been approved by FDA and remains in clinical trials.

Sigyn Therapy Mechanism of Action

We designed Sigyn Therapy to be a candidate to treat pathogen-associated inflammatory conditions that are life-threatening. To date, pre-clinical in vitro studies have quantified the reduction of viral pathogens, bacterial toxins, and inflammatory mediators from human blood plasma with small-scale versions of Sigyn Therapy. Such capabilities establish Sigyn Therapy as a candidate to treat pathogen-associated conditions that precipitate Sepsis, Community Acquired Pneumonia, Emerging Bioterror and Pandemic threats, and End-Stage Renal Disease patients with endotoxemia and elevated inflammatory cytokine production.

To support widespread implementation, Sigyn Therapy is a single-use disposable device that is deployable on the global infrastructure of hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) machines already located in hospitals and clinics. To reduce the risk of blood clotting and hemolysis, the anticoagulant heparin is administered, which is the standard-of-care drug administered in dialysis and CRRT therapies. During animal studies conducted at the University of Michigan, Sigyn Therapy was deployed for use on a hemodialysis machine manufactured by Fresenius Medical Care, the global leader in the dialysis industry.

Incorporated within Sigyn Therapy is a “cocktail” of adsorbent components formulated to optimize the broad-spectrum reduction of therapeutic targets from the bloodstream. In the medical field, the term “cocktail” is a reference to the simultaneous administration of multiple drugs (a drug cocktail) with differing mechanisms of actions. While drug cocktails are emerging as potential mechanisms to treat cancer, they are life-saving countermeasures to treat HIV and Hepatitis-C viral infections. However, dosing of multi-drug agent cocktails is limited by toxicity and adverse events that can result from deleterious drug interactions.

Sigyn Therapy is not constrained by such limitations as active adsorbent components are maintained within Sigyn Therapy and not introduced into the body. As a result, we are able to incorporate a substantial quantity of adsorbent components to capture therapeutic targets outside of the body as they circulate through Sigyn Therapy. Each adsorbent component has differing capture characteristics that contribute to optimizing the potential of Sigyn Therapy to reduce the presence of pathogenic and inflammatory targets that precipitate the cytokine storm that underlies sepsis and other life-threatening inflammatory disorders.

The adsorbent components incorporated within Sigyn Therapy provide more than 200,000 square meters (~50 acres) of surface area on which to adsorb and remove circulating viruses, bacterial toxins, and inflammatory mediators. Beyond a potential capacity to reduce therapeutic targets from human blood plasma, we believe that Sigyn Therapy offers an efficient treatment methodology. Based on targeted blood flow rates of 350ml/min, a patient’s entire bloodstream can pass through Sigyn Therapy more than fifteen times during a single four-hour treatment period.

From a technical perspective, Sigyn Therapy is a 325mm long polycarbonate column that internally contains polyethersulphone hollow fibers that have porous walls with a median pore size of ~200 nanometers (nm). As blood flows into Sigyn Therapy, plasma and therapeutic targets below 200nm travel through the porous walls as a result of blood-side pressure. As the hollow fiber bundle within Sigyn Therapy creates a resistance to the flow of blood, a pressure drop is created along the length of the device such that the blood-side pressure is higher at the blood inlet and lower at the blood outlet. This allows for plasma and therapeutic targets to flow away from the blood and into the extra-lumen space (inside the polycarbonate shell, yet outside the hollow-fiber bundle) to interact with Sigyn Therapy’s adsorbent components in a low shear force environment. In the distal third of the fiber bundle, the pressure gradient is reversed, which allows for plasma to flow back through the fiber walls to be reconvened into the bloodstream without the presence of therapeutic targets that were captured or bound by adsorbent components housed in the extra-lumen space of Sigyn Therapy.

Overview of Candidate Treatment Indications

Based on data resulting from in vitro blood purification studies, our candidate treatment indications include, but are not limited to; endotoxemia, sepsis, community acquired pneumonia, drug resistant bacterial infections, and emerging pandemic viral threats. However, there is no assurance that human feasibility and pivotal studies will demonstrate Sigyn Therapy to be a safe and efficacious treatment for these or any other treatment indications.

End-Stage Renal Disease, Endotoxemia and Inflammation

According to the United States Renal Data System (“USRDS”), more than 550,000 individuals suffer from ESRD, which results in approximately 85 million kidney dialysis treatments being administered in the United States each year. Persistent inflammation is a hallmark feature of ESRD as reflected by the excess production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which contribute to increased all-cause mortality. ESRD inflammation also induces intestinal permeability, which allows endotoxin (gram-negative bacterial toxin) to translocate from the gut and into the bloodstream. Beyond fueling further inflammation, endotoxin is a potent activator of sepsis, which can lead to multiple organ failure and ultimately death.

Sigyn Therapy establishes a candidate strategy to improve the health and quality-of-life of ESRD patients. Beyond its potential to reduce endotoxin, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 from human blood plasma, Sigyn Therapy can be administered in series with regularly scheduled dialysis therapy.

We are currently preparing an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) for submission to the FDA related to a human feasibility study of Sigyn Therapy in ESRD patients with endotoxemia and concurrent inflammation. As per the study protocol, Sigyn Therapy will be administered in combination with the regularly scheduled dialysis treatments of enrolled subjects. The primary study objective will be to evaluate the safety of Sigyn Therapy in health compromised ESRD patients. A secondary objective is to quantify changes in circulating levels of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) before and after each Sigyn Therapy administration. Endotoxin and excess TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production are commonly associated with each of our candidate treatment indications, including sepsis and community-acquired pneumonia.

Sepsis

Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. In January of 2020, a report entitled; “Global, Regional, and National Sepsis Incidence and Mortality, 1990-2017: Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study,” was published in the Journal Lancet. The publication reported 48.9 million cases of sepsis and 11 million deaths in 2017. In that same year, an estimated 20.3 million sepsis cases and 2.9 million deaths were among children younger than 5-years old. The report included a reference that sepsis kills more people around the world than all forms of cancer combined. In the United States, sepsis was reported to be the most common cause of hospital deaths with an annual financial burden that exceeds $24 billion.

To date, more than 100 human studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of candidate drugs to treat sepsis. With one brief exception (Xigris, Eli Lilly), none of these studies resulted in a market cleared therapy. As sepsis remains beyond the reach of single-target drugs, there is an emerging interest in multi-mechanism therapies that can target both inflammatory and pathogen associated targets. Sigyn Therapy addresses a broad-spectrum of pathogen sources and the resulting dysregulated cytokine production (the cytokine storm) that is the hallmark of sepsis. Additionally, we believe that inflammatory cytokine cargos transported by CytoVesicles may represent a novel, yet important therapeutic target.

Community Acquired Pneumonia

Community Acquired Pneumonia (“CAP”) represents a significant opportunity for Sigyn Therapy to reduce the occurrence of sepsis. CAP is a leading cause of death among infectious diseases, the leading cause of death in children under five years of age, and a catalyst for approximately 50% of sepsis and septic shock cases.

In the United States, more than 1.5 million individuals are hospitalized with CAP each year, resulting in an annual financial burden that exceeds $10 billion.

Statistically, a therapeutic strategy that reduced the incidence of CAP related sepsis and septic shock would save thousands of lives each year. In a study of 4,222 patients, the all-cause mortality for adult patients with CAP was reported to be 6.5% during hospitalization. However, the mortality of patients with CAP related sepsis and septic shock rose to 51% during hospitalization.

CAP is further complicated by the fact that the pathogen sources of CAP are identified in only 38% of patients, based on a study of 2,259 subjects whose pneumonia diagnosis was confirmed by chest x-ray. Of the source pathogens identified in the study, ninety seven percent (97%) were either viral or bacterial in origin.

To reduce the occurrence of CAP related sepsis and septic shock, Sigyn Therapy offers a broad-spectrum mechanism to reduce the circulating presence of viral pathogens and bacterial toxins before and if they are identified as the CAP pathogen source. Additionally, Sigyn Therapy may help to control the excess production of inflammatory cytokines (the cytokine storm) that precipitate sepsis and septic shock.

Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”), nearly three million individuals are infected with multi-drug resistant bacterial infections in the U.S. each year, which results in more than 35,000 deaths. The United Nations reported approximately 5 million deaths in 2019 were associated with antimicrobial drug resistance and projects the annual death toll could increase to 10 million by 2050 in the absence of new therapeutic advances. Based on its potential broad-spectrum mechanism to extract bacterial toxins from the bloodstream, Sigyn Therapy may provide a novel strategy to address life-threatening drug-resistant bacterial infections.

Emerging Pandemic Threats

Covid-19 affirmed the use of extracorporeal blood purification as a first-line countermeasure to treat an emerging pandemic threat not addressed with an approved drug or vaccine at the outset of an outbreak. On March 24, 2020, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) declared that the emergence of COVID-19 justified the Emergency-Use Authorization (“EUA”) of drugs, biological products, and medical devices to combat the pandemic. Within a month of this HHS declaration, FDA awarded an EUA to blood purification therapies from Terumo BCT, ExThera Medical Corporation, CytoSorbents, Inc., and Baxter Healthcare Corporation. In connection with these authorizations, FDA published a statement that blood purification devices may be effective at treating patients with confirmed COVID-19 by reducing various pathogens, cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from the bloodstream.

Consistent with FDA’s statement, small-scale versions of Sigyn Therapy have been quantified to reduce the presence of various pathogens, cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from human blood plasma during in vitro studies. As such, we believe that Sigyn Therapy could provide a candidate strategy to treat future pandemic outbreaks, which are increasingly being fueled by a confluence of global warming, urban crowding, and intercontinental travel.

Additionally, as a majority of infectious human viruses are not addressed with a corresponding drug or vaccine, there may be an ongoing need for blood purification technologies that offer to reduce the severity of infection and mitigate the excess production of inflammatory cytokines (the cytokine storm) associated with high mortality in non-pandemic viral infections. In this regard, we believe Sigyn Therapy aligns with HHS initiatives established through the Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasure Enterprise (“PHEMCE”) that support the development of broad-spectrum medical countermeasures that can mitigate the impact of an emerging pandemic or bioterror threat, yet also have viability in established disease indications.

Our Therapeutic Pipeline

Our therapeutic pipeline is comprised of technologies that we have designed to improve the targeted delivery of cancer drug agents. ChemoPrep^TM and ChemoPure^TM are components of a therapeutic system to improve the delivery of chemotherapy and reduce its toxicity. ImmunePrep^TM is a novel platform to enhance the potential efficacy of immunotherapeutic antibodies (including checkpoint inhibitors). At present, we have no market approved medical products and there is no assurance that we will be able to commercialize any of our product candidates.

ChemoPrep^TM and ChemoPure^TM

On October 6, 2022, we disclosed that a provisional patent application entitled: “SYSTEM AND METHODS TO ENHANCE CHEMOTHERAPY DELIVERY AND REDUCE TOXICITY” had been filed with the USPTO. The provisional patent submission established the priority date for our patent pending invention and provided us up to one year to submit a non-provisional patent application. On October 4, 2023, we subsequently disclosed that a non-provisional Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”) submission had been filed to support the continued advancement of this patent. Related to these patent submissions, trademark applications to register ChemoPrep™ and ChemoPure™ have been filed with the USPTO. However, there is no assurance that we will receive a registered trademark for either the ChemoPrep™ or ChemoPure^TM name, nor is there any assurance that patent submissions associated with ChemoPrep™ and ChemoPure^TM will result in an issued patent.

Chemotherapeutic agents are the most commonly administered drug to treat cancer, which is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Despite therapeutic advances, treatment toxicity, drug resistance and inadequate tumor site delivery restrict the benefit of chemotherapy. To overcome these challenges, our patent submission describes a therapeutic device system whose primary objective is to enhance tumor site delivery of chemotherapy and reduce its toxicity. A secondary objective of the system is to reduce treatment dosing without sacrificing patient benefit.

Our proposed chemotherapy enhancement system is comprised of two blood purification technologies. ChemoPrep^TM, administered prior to chemotherapy to optimize tumor site delivery with lower chemotherapy doses and ChemoPure^TM, which is deployed post-chemotherapy to further reduce toxicity through the extraction of circulating chemotherapeutic agents that were not delivered to the target tumor site.

To improve the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, we designed ChemoPrep^TM with an objective to reduce the bloodstream presence of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes (Tumor-EXs) that diminish the efficacy of chemotherapy. As compared to non-cancer subjects, Tumor-EXs are highly concentrated in the bloodstream of those suffering from cancer. Tumor-EXs decoy and directly inhibit chemotherapeutic agents from reaching tumor cell targets. Tumor-EXs have also been reported to export chemotherapeutic agents out of cancer cells. Based on these factors, we believe the pre-chemo depletion of circulating Tumor-EXs could establish a novel, yet practical strategy to increase tumor-site saturation of chemotherapy, which in turn may permit for lower doses of chemotherapy to be administered without diminishing patient benefit.

ChemoPrep^TM may also improve the performance of ChemoPure^TM as a reduced bloodstream presence of Tumor-EXs, which are competitive binding and adsorption factors based on similar size and structural characteristics, would likely increase the efficiency of ChemoPure^TM to reduce the presence of off-target chemotherapeutic agents that remain circulating in the bloodstream.

Unlike Sigyn Therapy^TM, which is a candidate to treat life-threatening conditions that are not addressed with approved drug therapies, the intent of the ChemoPrep^TM and ChemoPure^TM is to enhance the delivery of market-cleared chemotherapeutic drugs and reduce their toxicity. Additionally, while Sigyn Therapy^TM is a hollow-fiber based device designed for use on dialysis and continuous renal replacement machines, ChemoPrep^TM and ChemoPure^TM do not contain hollow-fibers and are intended for use on portable blood processing systems that can be located within the clinical sites where chemotherapy is administered. During treatment, the functionality of the blood processing system allows for patient blood plasma to flow through our devices, which contain formulations of adsorbent and binding components intended to deplete Tumor-EXs and chemotherapeutic agents from the bloodstream.

In an in vitro study conducted by researchers at Innovative Biotherapies, we obtained pre-clinical insight that liposomal nanoparticles, commonly used to deliver chemotherapeutic agents, can be reduced from human blood plasma with a formulation of adsorbent components. In the study, liposome concentrations in human blood plasma were reduced by 92.5% after a two-hour interaction with the adsorbent components. Beyond providing initial support for our candidate strategy to remove liposomal drug agents, the study established the possibility that Tumor-EXs may also be reduced from blood plasma as liposomes have previously served as a research model system for isolating extracellular vesicles and exosomes based on a similarity of size and structural characteristics. However, we have yet to conduct other in vitro studies to further validate the potential of either ChemoPrep^TM or ChemoPure^TM.

ImmunePrep^TM

On May 17, 2023, we disclosed that a provisional patent application entitled: “DEVICES FOR ENHANCING THE ACTIVITY OF THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES” had been submitted to the USPTO. The provisional patent submission established the priority date of this patent pending invention and provides us up to one year to submit a non-provisional patent application. Associated with this patent submission, we further disclosed that a trademark application to register the name ImmunePrep^TM had also been filed with the USPTO. However, there is no assurance that we will receive a registered trademark for the ImmunePrep^TM name, nor is there any assurance that patent submissions associated with ImmunePrep^TM will result in an issued patent.

We intend for ImmunePrep^TM to become a platform that allows for antibody-based immunotherapies to be incorporated within plasma extraction devices to enhance the targeted delivery of therapeutic antibodies without increased drug toxicity.

Therapeutic antibodies are market-cleared to treat a variety of indications, including cancer. However, patient response to these therapies is often suboptimal as just a small portion of infused antibodies reach their intended therapeutic target. In many cases, infused antibodies are bound by drug decoys that display the antibody’s antigen binding site on their surface. As a result, these decoys are empowered to bind and sequester antibodies from being delivered to their intended therapeutic targets.

ImmunePrep^TM is designed to extract bloodstream decoys that would subsequently block the infused delivery of therapeutic antibodies. The mechanistic objective of this pre-treatment strategy is to increase the availability of antibodies to interact with their intended therapeutic targets. Conversely, the ability of therapeutic targets to evade antibody interactions would be diminished.

Unlike Sigyn Therapy^TM, which is a candidate to treat life-threatening conditions that are not addressed with approved drug therapies, the intent of our ImmunePrep^TM platform is to enhance the infused delivery of therapeutic antibodies. Additionally, while Sigyn Therapy^TM is a hollow-fiber based device designed for use on dialysis and continuous renal replacement machines, ImmunePrep^TM does not contain hollow-fibers and is intended for use on portable blood processing systems that can be located within the clinical sites where therapeutic antibodies are administered. During treatment, the functionality of the blood processing system allows for patient blood plasma to flow through ImmunePrep^TM, which selectively extracts circulating drug decoys from the bloodstream prior to antibody infusion.

Candidate Pipeline Product

Beyond our focus to clinically advance Sigyn Therapy, we intend to develop a pipeline of extracorporeal blood purification therapies. In this regard, we have designed a therapeutic system to enhance the benefit of cancer chemotherapy. To support this endeavor, we disclosed on October 6, 2022, that a patent application entitled: “SYSTEM AND METHODS TO ENHANCE CHEMOTHERAPY DELIVERY AND REDUCE TOXICITY” had been filed with the USPTO. On October 13, 2022, we subsequently disclosed that trademark applications to register ChemoPrep^TM and ChemoPure^TM were filed with the USPTO.

Chemotherapeutic agents are the most commonly administered drugs to treat cancer, which is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Despite therapeutic advances, treatment toxicity, drug resistance and inadequate tumor site delivery restrict the benefit of chemotherapy. To overcome these challenges, our patent submission describes a therapeutic device system whose primary objective is to enhance tumor site delivery of chemotherapy and reduce its toxicity. A secondary objective of the system is to reduce treatment dosing without sacrificing patient benefit, or conversely increase chemotherapy dosing without added toxicity. In concert with these objectives, our candidate therapeutic system offers to inhibit the spread of cancer metastasis that can be induced by the administration of chemotherapy.

Our proposed chemotherapy enhancement system is comprised of two blood purification technologies. ChemoPrep^TM, administered prior to chemotherapy to optimize tumor site delivery and improve the benefit of ChemoPure^TM, which is deployed post-chemotherapy to reduce treatment toxicity and inhibit the potential spread of cancer metastasis.

To improve the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, we designed ChemoPrep^TM with an objective to reduce the bloodstream presence of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes (Tumor-EXs) that diminish the efficacy of chemotherapy. As compared to non-cancer subjects, Tumor-EXs are highly concentrated in the bloodstream of those suffering from cancer. Tumor-EXs decoy and directly inhibit chemotherapeutic agents from reaching tumor cell targets. Tumor-EXs have also been reported to export chemotherapeutic agents out of cancer cells. Based on these factors, we believe the pre-chemo depletion of circulating Tumor-EXs could establish a novel, yet practical strategy to increase tumor-site saturation of chemotherapy, which in turn may permit for lower doses of chemotherapy to be administered without diminishing patient benefit.

ChemoPrep^TM may also improve the performance of ChemoPure^TM as a reduced bloodstream presence of Tumor-EXs, which are competitive binding and adsorption factors based on similar size and structural characteristics, would likely increase the efficiency of ChemoPure^TM to reduce the presence of off-target chemotherapeutic agents that remain circulating in the bloodstream.

ChemoPure^TM was designed to perform two critical functions after chemotherapy administration. To reduce treatment toxicity by lowering the bloodstream presence of chemotherapeutic agents that are not delivered to the target tumor site, and to reduce the circulating presence of chemotherapy-induced Tumor-EXs that may promote the spread of cancer metastases.

Unlike Sigyn Therapy^TM, which is a candidate to treat life-threatening conditions that are not addressed with approved drug therapies, the intent of the ChemoPrep^TM and ChemoPure^TM is to enhance the delivery of market-cleared chemotherapeutic drugs and reduce their toxicity. Additionally, while Sigyn Therapy^TM is a hollow-fiber based device designed for use on dialysis and continuous renal replacement machines, ChemoPrep^TM and ChemoPure^TM do not contain hollow-fibers and are intended for use on portable blood processing systems that can be located within the clinical sites where chemotherapy is administered. During treatment, the functionality of the blood processing system allows for patient blood plasma to flow through our devices, which contain formulations of adsorbent and binding components intended deplete Tumor-EXs and chemotherapeutic agents from the bloodstream.

In an in vitro study conducted by researchers at Innovative Biotherapies, we obtained pre-clinical insight that liposomal nanoparticles, commonly used to deliver chemotherapeutic agents, can be reduced from human blood plasma with a formulation of adsorbent components. In the study, liposome concentrations in human blood plasma were reduced by 92.5% after a two-hour interaction with the adsorbent components. Beyond providing initial support for our candidate strategy to remove liposomal drug agents, the study established the possibility that Tumor-EXs may also be reduced from blood plasma as liposomes have previously served as a research model system for isolating extracellular vesicles and exosomes based on a similarity of size and structural characteristics.

Recent Corporate Developments

Marketing and Sales

At present, our primary focus is the clinical and regulatory advancement of Sigyn Therapy. As such, we do not market or sell any therapeutic products at this time. However, we plan to forge relationships with organizations that have established distribution channels into markets that may have a demand for Sigyn Therapy should it receive market clearance from FDA or other foreign regulatory agencies.

Intellectual Property

We own the intellectual property rights to pending royalty-free patents that have been assigned to us by our co-founders, James A. Joyce and Craig P. Roberts. We have also received a “Notice of Allowance” from the USPTO related to the use of Sigyn Therapeutics, Sigyn Therapy, and the protection of our corporate logo. We plan to continually expand our intellectual property portfolio and protect trade secrets that are not the subject of patent submissions. However, there is no assurance that the claims of current pending and future patent applications will result in issued patents. Pending changes in patent law, it is anticipated that each patent that becomes issued will have an enforceable life that will extend for a period of 20 years from the initial patent filing date and will expire at the end of such 20-year terms.

At present, we own the rights to the following patents pending.

DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE BROAD-SPECTRUM REDUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN BLOOD - U.S. Application No.: 62/881,740; Filing Date: 2019-08-01 - Inventors: Joyce and Roberts

DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE BROAD-SPECTRUM REDUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN BLOOD - International Patent Application No.: PCT/US2020/044223; Filing Date: 2020-07-30 - Inventors: Joyce and Roberts

DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE BROAD-SPECTRUM REDUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN BLOOD - U.S. Patent Application No.: 16/943,436; Filing Date: 2020-07-30 - Inventors: Joyce and Roberts

DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE BROAD-SPECTRUM REDUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN BLOOD - EP No.: 20757445; Filing Date: 2022-01-24 - Inventors: Joyce and Roberts

DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE BROAD-SPECTRUM REDUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN BLOOD - CA No.: 3148773; Filing Date: 2022-01-25 - Inventors: Joyce and Roberts

DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE BROAD-SPECTRUM REDUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN BLOOD - JP No.: 2022-506670; Filing Date: 2022-01-31 - Inventors: Joyce and Roberts

EXTRA-LUMEN ADSORPTION OF VIRAL PATHOGENS FROM BLOOD U.S. Patent Application No.: 63/177,520; Filing Date: 2021-04-21 Inventor: James A. Joyce

SYSTEM AND METHODS TO ENHANCE CHEMOTHERAPY DELIVERY AND REDUCE TOXICITY U.S. Patent Application No.: 63/410,764; Filing Date: 09/28/2022 Inventor: James A. Joyce

DEVICES FOR ENHANCING THE ACTIVITY OF THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES - Patent Application No.: 63/465,360; Filing Date: 05/10/2023 Inventor: James A. Joyce and Annette M. Marleau

Government Regulation

In the United States, Sigyn Therapy is subject to regulation by the FDA. Should we seek to commercialize Sigyn Therapy outside the United States, we expect to face comparable international regulatory oversight. The U.S. regulatory jurisdiction for extracorporeal blood purification therapies is the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (“CDRH”), the FDA branch that oversees the market approval of medical devices.

Based on published CDRH guidance, we believe that Sigyn Therapy will be classified as a Class III medical device that is subject to a Pre-Market Approval (“PMA”) submission pathway. A PMA pathway requires extensive data, including but not limited to technical documents, preclinical studies, animal studies, human clinical trials, the establishment of Current Good Manufacturing Practices (“cGMPs”) standards and labelling that fulfils FDA’s requirement to demonstrate reasonable evidence of safety and effectiveness of a medical device product. However, as Sigyn Therapy does not emit electronic product radiation, it will not be subject to regulatory challenges associated with medical devices that emit electronic radiation.

The commercialization of medical devices in the United States requires either a prior 510(k) clearance, unless it is exempt, or a PMA from the FDA. Generally, if a new device has a predicate that is already on the market under a 510(k) clearance, the FDA will allow that new device to be marketed under a 510(k) clearance; otherwise, a premarket approval, or PMA, is required. Medical devices are classified into one of three classes; Class I, Class II or Class III which are determined by the degree of risk associated with each medical device and the extent of control needed to provide reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness. Class I devices are deemed to be low risk and are subject to the general controls of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, such as provisions that relate to: adulteration; misbranding; registration and listing; notification, including repair, replacement, or refund; records and reports; and good manufacturing practices. Most Class I devices are classified as exempt from pre-market notification under section 510(k) of the FD&C Act, and therefore may be commercially distributed without obtaining 510(k) clearance from the FDA. Class II devices are subject to both general controls and special controls to provide reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness. Special controls include performance standards, post market surveillance, patient registries and guidance documents. A manufacturer may be required to submit to the FDA a pre-market notification requesting permission to commercially distribute some Class II devices. Devices deemed by the FDA to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting or implantable devices, or devices deemed not substantially equivalent to a previously cleared 510(k) device, are placed in Class III. A Class III device cannot be marketed in the United States unless the FDA approves the device after submission of a PMA. We believe that Sigyn Therapy will be classified as a Class III device and as such will be subject to a PMA submission and approval.

Should Sigyn Therapy receive market clearance from FDA, we would need to comply with applicable laws and regulations that govern the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, marketing, storage, distribution, advertising and promotion, and post-marketing surveillance reporting for medical devices. Failure to comply with these applicable requirements may subject a device and/or its manufacturer to a variety of administrative sanctions, such as issuance of warning letters, import detentions, civil monetary penalties and/or judicial sanctions, such as product seizures, injunctions and criminal prosecution. Our failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

The Pre-market Approval Pathway

A pre-market approval (“PMA”) application must be submitted to the FDA for Class III devices for which FDA requires a PMA. The PMA application process is much more demanding than the 510(k)-pre-market notification process. A PMA application must be supported by extensive data, including but not limited to technical, preclinical, clinical trials, manufacturing and labeling to demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction reasonable evidence of safety and effectiveness of the device.

After a PMA application is submitted, the FDA has 45 days to determine whether the application is sufficiently complete to permit a substantive review and thus whether the FDA will file the application for review. The FDA has 180 days to review a filed PMA application, although the review of an application generally occurs over a significantly longer period of time and can take up to several years. During this review period, the FDA may request additional information or clarification of the information already provided. Also, an advisory panel of experts from outside the FDA may be convened to review and evaluate the application and provide recommendations to the FDA as to the approvability of the device.

Although the FDA is not bound by the advisory panel decision, the panel’s recommendations are important to the FDA decision making process. In addition, the FDA may conduct a preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facility to ensure compliance with the Quality System Regulation, or QSR. The agency also may inspect one or more clinical sites to assure compliance with FDA’s regulations.

Upon completion of the PMA review, the FDA may: (i) approve the PMA which authorizes commercial marketing with specific prescribing information for one or more indications, which can be more limited than those originally sought; (ii) issue an approvable letter which indicates the FDA’s belief that the PMA is approvable and states what additional information the FDA requires, or the post-approval commitments that must be agreed to prior to approval; (iii) issue a not approvable letter which outlines steps required for approval, but which are typically more onerous than those in an approvable letter, and may require additional clinical trials that are often expensive and time consuming and can delay approval for months or even years; or (iv) deny the application. If the FDA issues an approvable or not approvable letter, the applicant has 180 days to respond, after which the FDA’s review clock is reset.

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are almost always required to support PMA market clearance and are sometimes required for 510(k) clearance. In the United States, for significant risk Class III devices, these trials require submission of an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) application to the FDA. The IDE application must be supported by appropriate data, such as animal and laboratory testing results, showing it is safe to test the device in humans and that the testing protocol is scientifically sound. The IDE must be approved in advance by the FDA for a specific number of patients at specified study sites. During the trial, the sponsor must comply with the FDA’s IDE requirements for investigator selection, trial monitoring, reporting and record keeping. The investigators must obtain patient informed consent, rigorously follow the investigational plan and study protocol, control the disposition of investigational devices and comply with all reporting and record keeping requirements. Clinical trials for Class III devices may not begin until the IDE application is approved by the FDA and the appropriate institutional review boards, or IRBs, at the clinical trial sites. An IRB is an appropriately constituted group that has been formally designated to review and monitor medical research involving subjects and which has the authority to approve, require modifications in, or disapprove research to protect the rights, safety and welfare of human research subjects. The FDA or the IRB at each site at which a clinical trial is being performed may withdraw approval of a clinical trial at any time for various reasons, including a belief that the risks to study subjects outweigh the benefits or a failure to comply with FDA or IRB requirements. Even if a trial is completed, there is no assurance that clinical testing will demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of Sigyn Therapy or other pipeline devices.

Manufacturing and Procurement

We are advancing a manufacturing relationship with an FDA registered Contract Manufacturing Organization (CMO) to establish cGMPs compliant manufacturing to support human clinical studies and potential commercialization should we receive clearance to market Sigyn Therapy. We plan to establish manufacturing procedure specifications that define each stage of our manufacturing, inspection and testing processes and the control parameters or acceptance criteria that apply to each activity that result in the production of our technology.

We have also established relationships with industry vendors that provide components necessary to manufacture our device. Should the relationship with an industry vendor be interrupted or discontinued, we believe that alternate component suppliers can be identified to support the continued manufacturing of our product. However, delays related to interrupted or discontinued vendor relationships could adversely impact our business.

Research and Product Development

To date, we have outsourced our research and product development activities, which include the performance of in vitro blood plasma validation studies, animal studies, pre-cGMPs product assembly and manufacturing through third party organizations with experience in advancing extracorporeal blood purification technologies. Our pre-clinical in vitro blood plasma studies we each performed under an agreement with Innovative BioTherapies, Inc. (IBT) and our animal clinical studies were conducted by IBT team members through a contract with the University of Michigan to utilize animal care, associated institutional review oversight, as well as surgical suite facilities located within the North Campus Research Complex. While we maintain ownership rights to all study data collected by IBT, we do permit for IBT to publish or present the results of our contracted studies. At present, we do not have plans to build and staff our own research and product development facility.

Environmental Laws and Regulations

At present, our operations are not subject to any environmental laws or regulations.

Employees

As of the date of this filing, we have 5 salaried employees, whose benefits include paid medical, dental, and vision coverage. We also provide our employees with access to a 401(k) plan, and we anticipate the establishment of an employee equity-stock option plan during the 2024 calendar year. To maintain a manageable employee headcount, we utilize non-employee consultants to perform as-needed services and we contract with third party research organizations to perform studies designed to support the potential clinical advancement of Sigyn Therapy.

Available Information

We file various reports with the SEC, including Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, which are available through the SEC’s electronic data gathering, analysis and retrieval system (“EDGAR”) by accessing the SEC’s home page (http://www.sec.gov). The documents are also available to be read or copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C., 20549. Information on the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

This item is not applicable because we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties

Our corporate address is 2468 Historic Decatur Road, Suite 140, San Diego, California, 92106.

We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our current needs and that we will be able to lease suitable additional or alternative space on commercially reasonable terms if and when we need it.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become party to litigation or other legal proceedings that we consider to be a part of the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently involved in legal proceedings that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations. We may become involved in material legal proceedings in the future. To the best of our knowledge, none of our directors, officers or affiliates is involved in a legal proceeding adverse to our business or has a material interest adverse to our business.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Pursuant to Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, issuers that are operators, or that have a subsidiary that is an operator, of a coal or other mine in the United States are required to disclose in their periodic reports filed with the SEC information regarding specified health and safety violations, orders and citations, related assessments and legal actions, and mining-related fatalities from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration, or MSHA, under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, or the Mine Act. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we did not have any projects that were in production and as such, were not subject to regulation by MSHA under the Mine Act.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

(a) Market Information

Our stock is quoted on the OTC markets under the symbol “SIGY.” There are 1,224,315 shares outstanding as of February 16, 2024.

(b) Transfer Agent

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is VStock Transfer, LLC located at 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, New York.

(b) Shareholders of Record

The number of beneficial holders of record of our common stock as of the close of business on December 31, 2023 was 111.

(c) Dividends

We do not expect to pay cash dividends in the next term. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to provide funds for operation of our business. We currently have no restrictions affecting our ability to pay cash dividends.

(d) Equity Compensation Plans

The Company does not have an equity compensation plan.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Because we are a smaller reporting company, this Item 6 is not applicable.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this filing. This discussion and other parts of this filing contain forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations, intentions, and beliefs. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and in other parts of this filing, and you should not place undue certain on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this filing. See “Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.

We are an emerging growth company as defined in Section 2(a) (19) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to Section 107 of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, we may take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards, meaning that we can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have chosen to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies to delay adoption of such standards until such standards are made applicable to private companies. Accordingly, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of public companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

OVERVIEW:

Historical Development

Our Company

Sigyn Therapeutics, Inc. (“Sigyn”, the “Company”, “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a development-stage company focused on creating therapeutic solutions that address unmet needs in global healthcare. Our corporate address is 2468 Historic Decatur Road, Suite 140, San Diego, California, 92106.

Sigyn Therapy™, our lead product candidate, is a broad-spectrum blood purification technology designed to treat pathogen-associated inflammatory disorders that are not addressed with approved drug therapies. Candidate treatment indications include endotoxemia and inflammation in end-stage renal disease (dialysis) patients, sepsis (a leading cause of hospital deaths), community acquired pneumonia (a leading cause of death among infectious diseases), and emerging pandemic threats.

Our development pipeline includes a cancer treatment system comprised of ChemoPrep™ to enhance the tumor site delivery of chemotherapy, and ChemoPure™ to reduce treatment toxicity and inhibit the spread of cancer metastasis.

Reverse Stock Split

Effective January 19, 2024, Board of Directors declared a one-for-forty reverse stock split to shareholders of record on or before January 31, 2024 of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock, outstanding warrants and options, and the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock. The number of shares of common stock and convertible preferred shares obtainable upon exercise or conversion and the exercise prices and conversion rate have been equitably adjusted. As such, all share and per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.

Financing Transactions

Preferred Stock

The Company has 10,000,000 shares of par value $0.0001 preferred stock authorized, of which 32 and none shares preferred shares are issued and outstanding at December, 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

During fiscal 2023, holders of 161,684 shares of common stock elected to exchange these shares for an aggregate of 32 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock. Each Series B Convertible Preferred Share converts into 5,025.1 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to antidilution adjustments for any stock splits and recapitalizations, and for issuances of additional shares at an issue price of less than the conversion ratio in the Warrant Exchange Agreement.

Common Stock

The Company has authorized 1,000,000,000 shares of par value $0.0001 common stock, of which 1,288,415 shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, a total of 559,839 warrants were exchanged for 279,920 shares of the Company’s common stock.

On June 2, 2023, a third-party investor elected to convert the aggregate principal amount of two Notes of $198,000, into 31,075 common shares.

On November 23, 2022, an investor elected to convert the aggregate principal amount of the Note, $145,200, into 24,200 common shares.

Shares Cancelled

On January 9, 2024, the Company’s CTO agreed to surrender 64,100 common shares held by him and were cancelled by the Company.

Restricted Stock Units

Effective October 10, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors appointed Ms. Richa Nand, Mr. Jim Dorst, and Mr. Chris Wetzel as non-executive members to the Company’s Board of Directors (“Director”). Effective January 1, 2023, each Director shall receive an annual grant of restricted stock units of $50,000. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the Company recorded stock-based compensation totaling $150,000 and $0, respectively, in the consolidated Statements of Operations.

Warrants

In March 2023, the Company offered a short-term inducement to the Company’s third party warrant holders in which the Company will issue one share of the Company’s common stock in exchange for each two warrants were exchanged for 279,920 shares of the Company’s common stock through December 31, 2023. The Company recognized a gain of $352,965 due to the modification of the warrants in the year ended December 31, 2023 as a result of the modification.

Current Noteholders

2024 Convertible Notes

In February 2024, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debentures (the “2024 Notes”) totaling (i) $50,050 aggregate principal amount of Note (total of $45,500 cash was received) due in February 2025 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by the noteholder and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,343 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by the holders of the convertible notes is $6.00 per share.

Brio – $44,000

On January 8, 2024, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd (“Brio”) of (i) $44,000 aggregate principal amount of Note due January 8, 2025 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Brio and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 7,333 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Brio for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $40,000 which was issued at a $4,000 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $6.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

2023 Convertible Notes - $1,443,200

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debentures (the “2023 Notes”) with third party investors totaling (i) $1,443,200 aggregate principal amount of Note due on various dates from January 2024 through September 1, 2024 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by the previous noteholder and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 233,200 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from the previous noteholder for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $1312,000 which was issued at a $131,200 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $6.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On June 2, 2023, a third-party investor elected to convert $181,500 of principal of the Note into 30,250 common shares.

In October 2023, the holders of $997,700 of Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debentures converted their debentures at a contractual exercise price of $10.00 per share in exchange for the issuance of 166,284 shares of Common Stock to the holders.

Osher – $110,000

On December 22, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $110,000 aggregate principal amount of Note due December 22, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher noteholder and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 18,334 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $100,000 which was issued at a $10,000 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $6.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

The Company has not repaid this convertible note and the convertible note is now in default. The Company is currently in discussions to convert or restructure the terms of the note.

Osher – $55,000

On November 14, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $55,000 aggregate principal amount of Note due November 14, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,167 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $50,000 which was issued at a $5,000 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $6.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

The Company has not repaid this convertible note and the convertible note is now in default. The Company is currently in discussions to convert or restructure the terms of the note.

Brio – $92,400

On November 9, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd (“Brio”) of (i) $82,500 aggregate principal amount of Note due November 9, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Brio and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 13,750 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Brio for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $75,000 which was issued at a $7,500 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $6.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On September 14, 2023, Brio agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $9,900.

Osher – $110,000

On October 20, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $110,000 aggregate principal amount of Note due October 20, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 18,334 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $100,000 which was issued at a $10,000 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $6.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

The Company has not repaid this convertible note and the convertible note is now in default. The Company is currently in discussions to convert or restructure the terms of the note.

Osher – $123,200

On September 20, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $110,000 aggregate principal amount of Note due September 20, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 18,334 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $100,000 which was issued at a $10,000 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $6.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On September 14, 2023, Osher agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $13,200.

Brio – $92,400

On September 9, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd. (“Brio”) of (i) $82,500 aggregate principal amount of Note due September 9, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Brio and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 13,750 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Brio for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $75,000 which was issued at a $7,500 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $6.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On September 14, 2023, Brio agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $9,900.

Osher – $123,200

On August 31, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $110,000 aggregate principal amount of Note due August 31, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 18,334 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $100,000 which was issued at a $10,000 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $6.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On September 14, 2023, Osher agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $13,200.

Other – $341,000

In July 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debentures (the “July 2022 Notes”) totaling (i) $341,000 aggregate principal amount of Note (total of $310,000 cash was received) due in various dates in July 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 16,923 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by the holders of the convertible notes is $20.00 per share.

In October 2023, the noteholders converted the remaining $324,500 in exchange for the issuance of 16,225 shares of Common Stock to the holders.

On June 2, 2023, a third-party investor elected to convert $16,500 of principal of the Note into 825 common shares.

Osher – $94,314

On June 22, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $82,500 aggregate principal amount of Note due June 22, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,125 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $75,000 which was issued at a $7,500 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $20.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On September 14, 2023, Osher agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $11,814.

Osher – $63,302

On June 1, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $55,000 aggregate principal amount of Note due June 1, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,750 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $50,000 which was issued at a $5,000 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $20.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On September 14, 2023, Osher agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $8,302.

Brio – $128,020

On May 10, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd. (“Brio”) of (i) $110,000 aggregate principal amount of Note due May 10, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Brio and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Brio for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $100,000 which was issued at a $10,000 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $20.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On September 14, 2023, Brio agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $18,020.

Osher – $127,979

On April 28, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $110,000 aggregate principal amount of Note due April 28, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $100,000 which was issued at a $10,000 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $20.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On September 14, 2023, Osher agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $17,979.

Osher – $129,721

On March 23, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $110,000 aggregate principal amount of Note due March 23, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $100,000 which was issued at a $10,000 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is 20.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On September 14, 2023, Osher agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $19,721.

Brio – $129,964

On March 23, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd. (“Brio”) of (i) $110,000 aggregate principal amount of Note due March 23, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Brio and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Brio for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $100,000 which was issued at a $10,000 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $20.00 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On September 14, 2023, Brio agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $19,964.

Osher – $225,377

On September 17, 2020 (the “Original Issue Date”), the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $181,500 aggregate principal amount of Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) due September 30, 2021, based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 206 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $1,200.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $165,000 which was issued at a $16,500 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $15.60 per share, as amended on October 20, 2020, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

The Company and Osher amended the convertible debt agreement as follows on October 20, 2020:

On October 22, 2021, the Company and Osher amended convertible debt agreements as follows:

On October 28, 2021, Osher elected to convert $16,714 of the aggregate principal amount of the Note of $199,650, into 1,071 common shares.

On September 14, 2023, Osher agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $42,441.

Osher – $74,621

On June 23, 2020 (the “Original Issue Date”), the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $50,000 aggregate principal amount of Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) due June 23, 2021, based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 250 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $1,200.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $50,005 which was issued at a $0 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $15.60 per share, as amended on October 20, 2020, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

The Company and Osher amended the convertible debt agreement as follows on October 20, 2020:

On October 22, 2021, the Company and Osher amended convertible debt agreements as follows (see Note 12):

On September 14, 2023, Osher agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $14,121.

Osher – $564,138

On January 28, 2020 (the “Original Issue Date”), the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with respect to the sale and issuance to institutional investor Osher Capital Partners LLC (“Osher”) of (i) $385,000 aggregate principal amount of Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture due January 26, 2021, based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by Osher and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,005 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $280.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from Osher for the issuance of the note and warrants was $350,005 which was issued at a $34,995 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $3.76 per share, as amended on October 20, 2020, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

The Company and Osher amended the convertible debt agreement as follows on October 20, 2020:

On October 22, 2021, the Company and Osher amended convertible debt agreements as follows:

On September 14, 2023, Osher agreed to extend the note to August 30, 2024 for original issue discount of $106,758.

Previous Noteholders

Other – $145,200

On November 21, 2022, the Company entered into an Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debenture (the “Note”) with a third-party investor of (i) $145,200 aggregate principal amount of Note due November 21, 2023 based on $1.00 for each $0.90909 paid by the previous noteholder and (ii) five-year Common Stock Purchase Warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 24,200 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate cash subscription amount received by the Company from the previous noteholder for the issuance of the Note and Warrants was $132,000 which was issued at a $13,200 original issue discount from the face value of the Note. The conversion price for the principal in connection with voluntary conversions by a holder of the convertible notes is $0.15 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, such as stock splits and stock dividends.

On November 23, 2022, third party investor elected to convert the aggregate principal amount of the Note, $145,200, into 24,200 common shares.

All other previous notes were detailed in our Form 10-K filed on March 31, 2022. No changes occurred related to these notes during the period covered by this Form 10-Q.

Limited Operating History; Need for Additional Capital

There is limited historical financial information about us on which to base an evaluation of our performance. We cannot guarantee we will be successful in our business operations. Our business is subject to risks inherent in the establishment of a new business enterprise, including limited capital resources, and possible cost overruns due to increases in the cost of services. To become profitable and competitive, we must receive additional capital. We have no assurance that future financing will materialize. If that financing is not available, we may be unable to continue operations.

Overview of Presentation

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) or Plan of Operations includes the following sections:

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and professional fees required to support our operations and growth.

Depending on the extent of our future growth, we may experience significant strain on our management, personnel, and information systems. We will need to implement and improve operational, financial, and management information systems. In addition, we are implementing new information systems that will provide better record-keeping, customer service and billing. However, there can be no assurance that our management resources or information systems will be sufficient to manage any future growth in our business, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022

The following discussion represents a comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The results of operations for the periods shown in our audited consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of operating results for the entire period. In the opinion of management, the audited consolidated financial statements recognize all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

Net Revenues

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had no revenues.

Cost of Sales

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had no cost of sales.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses increased by $308,052, or 14.3%, to $2,455,317 for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $2,147,265 for the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to increases in research and development costs of $140,508, stock based compensation of $215,558, insurance costs of $20,048, rent expenses of $1,537, and travel costs of $2,021, offset partially by professional fees of $35,141, compensation costs of $9,109, consulting costs of $2,933, investor relations costs of $16,680, depreciation costs of $98, amortization costs of $1,500, and general and administration costs of $6,159, as a result of administrative infrastructure for our anticipated business development. In 2023, the Company incurred stock-based compensation as a result adding members to our board of directors, research and development costs attributed to in house efforts while reducing professional fees, primarily investor relations.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had marketing expenses of $392, research and development costs of $798,165, and general and administrative expenses of $1,656,760 primarily due to professional fees of $174,245, compensation costs of $680,608, consulting costs of $203,892, insurance costs of $235,752, stock based compensation of $215,558, rent of $78,305, depreciation costs of $6,756, amortization costs of $2,100, investor relations costs of $36,528, travel costs of $2,170, and general and administration costs of $20,847, as a result of administrative infrastructure for our anticipated business development. In 2023, the Company incurred stock-based compensation as a result adding members to our board of directors, research and development costs attributed to in house efforts, and professional fees, primarily investor relations.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, we had marketing expenses of $457, research and development costs of $657,657, and general and administrative expenses of $1,489,151 primarily due to professional fees of $209,386, compensation costs of $689,717, consulting costs of $206,825, insurance costs of $215,704, rent of $76,768, depreciation costs of $6,854, amortization costs of $3,600, investor relations costs of $53,208, and general and administration costs of $27,089, as a result of adding administrative infrastructure for our anticipated business development. In 2022, the Company has incurred professional fees (primarily legal and audit fees), incurred compensation for its CEO and CTO and hired a CFO, incurred consulting costs (primarily for public relations and brand awareness), had investor relations costs, and had rent through the lease of office space. Research and development costs consist of $579,977 attributed to in house efforts and $77,680 to third parties for developmental services and testing.

Other Expense

Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled $1,690,619 primarily due interest expense of $2,041,182 in conjunction with accretion of debt discount and original issuance discount, and interest expense of $2,402, and the modification of warrants of $352,965, compared to other expense of $782,552 primarily due interest expense of $782,114 in conjunction with accretion of debt discount and original issuance discount, and interest expense of $438 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Net loss before income taxes

Net loss before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled $4,145,936 primarily due to increases/decreases in compensation costs, professional fees, consulting costs, research and development costs, investor relations costs, insurance costs, stock based compensation, rent, and general and administration costs compared to a loss of $2,929,817 primarily due to increases/decreases in compensation costs, professional fees, consulting costs, research and development costs, investor relations costs, insurance costs, and general and administration costs for the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to professional fees.

Assets and Liabilities

Assets were $321,806 as of December 31, 2023. Assets consisted primarily of cash of $11,690, inventories of $50,000, other current assets of $56,373, equipment of $15,296, operating lease right-of-use assets of $167,736, and other assets of $20,711. Liabilities were $3,734,306 as of December 31, 2023. Liabilities consisted primarily of accounts payable of $524,146, accrued payroll and payroll taxes of $729,254, advance from shareholder of $80,000, convertible notes of $2,210,299, net of $297,337 of unamortized debt discount, operating lease liabilities of $187,425, and other current liabilities of $3,182.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had an accumulated deficit of $11,341,512 at December 31, 2023, had a working capital deficit of $3,489,941 at December 31, 2023, had net losses of $4,145,936 and $2,929,817 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and net cash used in operating activities of $1,383,210 and $1,830,242 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, with no revenue earned since inception, and a lack of operational history. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

While the Company is attempting to expand operations and increase revenues, the Company’s cash position may not be significant enough to support the Company’s daily operations. Management intends to raise additional funds by way of a public offering or an asset sale transaction. Management believes that the actions presently being taken to further implement its business plan and generate revenues provide the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern. While management believes in the viability of its strategy to generate revenues and in its ability to raise additional funds or transact an asset sale, there can be no assurances to that effect or on terms acceptable to the Company. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company’s ability to further implement its business plan and generate revenues.

The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern.

General – Overall, we had an increase in cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $3,334 resulting from cash provided by financing activities of $1,386,544, offset partially by cash used in operating activities of $1,383,210.

The following is a summary of our cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing, and financing activities during the periods indicated:

Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022

Cash Flows from Operating Activities – For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in operations was $1,383,210 compared to net cash used in operations of $1,830,242 for the year ended December 31, 2022. Net cash used in operations was primarily due to a net loss of $4,145,936 for year ended December 31, 2023 and the changes in operating assets and liabilities of $850,095, primarily due to the increases in other current assets of $44,431, accounts payable of $134,129, and accrued payroll and payroll taxes of $761,630, offset primarily by decreases in other current liabilities of $1,233. In addition, net cash used in operating activities includes adjustments to reconcile net profit from depreciation expense of $6,756, amortization expense of $2,100, accretion of original issuance costs of $285,187, the accretion of debt discount of $1,755,995, stock-based compensation of $215,558, and the modification of warrants of $352,965.

Net cash used in operations was primarily due to a net loss of $2,929,817 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the changes in operating assets and liabilities of $307,007, primarily due to the increases in other current assets of $9,867, accounts payable of $287,843, and accrued payroll and payroll taxes of $29,052, offset primarily by decreases in other current liabilities of $21. In addition, net cash used in operating activities includes adjustments to reconcile net profit from depreciation expense of $6,854, amortization expense of $3,600, accretion of original issuance costs of $135,812, and the accretion of debt discount of $646,302.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities – For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing was $0 compared to cash flows from investing activities of $860 due to the purchase of property and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities – For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by financing was $1,386,544 due to proceeds from short term convertible notes of $1,312,000 net of fees associated with the filing of the Company’s Form S-1 of $5,456 and advance from shareholder of $80,000. For the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash provided by financing was $1,498,502 due to proceeds from short term convertible notes of $1,567,000 net of fees associated with the filing of the Company’s Form S-1 of $68,498.

Financing – We expect that our current working capital position, together with our expected future cash flows from operations will be insufficient to fund our operations in the ordinary course of business, anticipated capital expenditures, debt payment requirements and other contractual obligations for at least the next twelve months. However, this belief is based upon many assumptions and is subject to numerous risks, and there can be no assurance that we will not require additional funding in the future.

We have no present agreements or commitments with respect to any material acquisitions of other businesses, products, product rights or technologies or any other material capital expenditures. However, we will continue to evaluate acquisitions of and/or investments in products, technologies, capital equipment or improvements or companies that complement our business and may make such acquisitions and/or investments in the future. Accordingly, we may need to obtain additional sources of capital in the future to finance any such acquisitions and/or investments. We may not be able to obtain such financing on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Due to the ongoing global economic crisis, we believe it may be difficult to obtain additional financing if needed. Even if we are able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for our shareholders, in the case of equity financing.

Advance from Shareholder

The Company borrows funds from the Company’s CEO for working capital purposes from time to time. The Company has recorded the principal balance due of $80,000 and $0 under Advance from Shareholder in the accompanying Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company received advances of $80,000 and $0 and no repayments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. In January 2024, the Company received an additional advance of $25,000 with a balance due of $105,000 as of the date of this filing. The advance from our CEO was not made pursuant to any loan agreements or promissory notes, are non-interest bearing and due on demand.

Convertible Notes Payable

In October 2023, the holders of $997,700 of Original Issue Discount Senior Convertible Debentures converted their debentures at a contractual exercise price of $10.00 per share in exchange for the issuance of 166,284 shares of Common Stock to the holders.

Capital Expenditures

We expect to purchase approximately $30,000 of equipment in connection with the expansion of our business during the next twelve months.

Fiscal Year-End

Our fiscal year end is December 31.

Critical Accounting Policies

Refer to Note 3 in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for critical accounting policies.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 3 in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Future Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Refer to Note 3 in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for future contractual obligations and commitments. Future contractual obligations and commitments are based on the terms of the relevant agreements and appropriate classification of items under GAAP as currently in effect. Future events could cause actual payments to differ from these amounts.

We incur contractual obligations and financial commitments in the normal course of our operations and financing activities. Contractual obligations include future cash payments required under existing contracts, such as debt and lease agreements. These obligations may result from both general financing activities and from commercial arrangements that are directly supported by related operating activities. Details on these obligations are set forth below.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2023, we have not entered into any transaction, agreement or other contractual arrangement with an entity unconsolidated under which it has:

Inflation

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our results of operations.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The financial statements and supplementary financial information which are required to be filed under this item are presented under Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 10-K in this document, and are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-l5(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information that would be required to be disclosed in Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in SEC Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, management identified deficiencies that were determined to be a material weakness.

Management’s Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-l5(f) of the Securities Exchange Act). Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) (2013). Based on that assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2023, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was ineffective based on the COSO criteria, due to the following material weaknesses listed below.

The specific material weaknesses identified by the company’s management as of end of the period covered by this report include the following:

Despite the material weaknesses reported above, our management believes that our consolidated financial statements included in this report fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented and that this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

This report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this report.

Management’s Remediation Plan

The weaknesses and their related risks are not uncommon in a company of our size because of the limitations in the size and number of staff. Due to our size and nature, segregation of all conflicting duties has not always been possible and may not be economically feasible.

However, we plan to take steps to enhance and improve the design of our internal control over financial reporting. During the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K, we have not been able to remediate the material weaknesses identified above. To remediate such weaknesses, we plan to implement the following changes in the current fiscal year as resources allow:

The remediation efforts set out herein will be implemented in the current 2024 fiscal year. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake.

Management believes that despite our material weaknesses set forth above, our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 are fairly stated, in all material respects, in accordance with GAAP.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

There have been no events required to be reported under this Item.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The following table sets forth the names, ages, and biographical information of each of our current directors and executive officers and the positions with the Company held by each person. Our executive officers are elected annually by the board of directors. The directors serve one-year terms until their successors are elected. The executive officers serve terms of one year or until their death, resignation or removal by the board of directors. Unless described below, there are no family relationships among any of the directors and officers.

Executive Officers

Jim Joyce. Mr. Joyce is a Co-founder of Sigyn Therapeutics and has served as Chairman and CEO of the Company since it was founded in 2019. He has 30+ years of diverse public market experience, which includes two decades of public company CEO and Corporate Board leadership roles. Previously, Mr. Joyce was the founder of Exosome Sciences, Inc., where he served as Executive Chairman from 2011 to 2018. Mr. Joyce is also the founder, former Chairman and CEO of Aethlon Medical, a therapeutic device company that he navigated from a single shareholder start-up to Nasdaq-traded Company with 8000+ shareholders.

While employed at Aethlon from 1999 to 2018, Mr. Joyce oversaw the development of the Aethlon Hemopurifier, the first therapeutic candidate to receive two “Breakthrough Device” designations from the FDA. Under his leadership, the Hemopurifier received FDA “Emergency Use Authorization” (EAU) approval to treat Ebola virus and additionally was cleared to treat Ebola by the German Government and Health Canada. Time Magazine named the Hemopurifier one of the “11 Most Remarkable Advances in Healthcare” and designated the device to its “Top 25 Best Inventions” award list.

During Mr. Joyce’s tenure, Aethlon won multiple Department of Defense (DOD) contract awards, a National Cancer Institute (NCI) contract award and grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He also led the completion of approximately $100 million of equity financings and originated preclinical and clinical collaborations with more than twenty government and non-government institutes and organizations.

We believe Mr. Joyce’s service as our Chief Executive Officer, his extensive experience in therapeutic device technologies, his prior board service and his extensive public company background qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

Craig Roberts. Mr. Roberts is an inventor of therapeutic device technologies, which includes a Percutaneous Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) system that was licensed and subsequently sold to C.R. Bard. During the ongoing pandemic, ECMO has been broadly deployed to treat critically ill COVID-19 patients. Additionally, Mr. Roberts is the inventor of the IMPACT System, which received CE Mark clearance in the European Union and was subsequently registered in 32 countries and successfully deployed to treat cytokine storm related conditions, including sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute liver failure, severe pneumonia and H5N1 bird flu virus infection.

Mr. Roberts is a Co-founder of Sigyn Therapeutics and has been our Chief Technical Officer since it was founded in 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Roberts served as a consultant for Aethlon Medical, Inc. from 2016 to 2019. Prior to Aethlon, Mr. Roberts was a founder, Chief Technology Officer and Board Member of Hemolife Medical, Inc. We believe Mr. Roberts’s service as our Chief Technology Officer, his extensive experience with therapeutic device technologies and his previous service as board of medical device company qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

Gerald DeCiccio. Mr. DeCiccio is an experienced finance professional with more than 40 years of professional experience that includes serving in executive roles in publicly traded companies. Mr. DeCiccio is a licensed CPA in California and has been serving as a consultant within his own firm for the past five years. Mr. DeCiccio has a Bachelor’s degree in Accounting and Business Administration from Loma Linda University and an MBA from the University of Southern California.

Non-Employee Directors

Richa Nand. Ms. Nand is a senior legal executive with more than 20 years of experience as an intellectual property (“IP”) attorney and strategic business advisor for biotechnology and medical device companies. Ms. Nand is the founder of Insight Patents, a legal and consulting firm providing IP and transactional corporate services for the life sciences industry. Ms. Nand previously served as Vice President of Corporate Development and Legal at Bird Rock Bio – a Johnson & Johnson-backed biopharmaceutical company in San Diego – and Vice President of Intellectual Property and Licensing; Director of Business Development; and In-House Patent Counsel at Cytori Therapeutics. Prior to law school, she was a biomedical researcher at Cedars Sinai Medical Center in Beverly Hills, California. Ms. Nand received a Bachelor of Science degree in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics from the University of California, Los Angeles, and a Juris Doctor degree from Boston University School of Law. We believe Ms. Nand’s experience in the healthcare field makes her well suited to serve on our Board.

Jim Dorst. Mr. Dorst has more than 30 years of senior management experience in finance, operations, planning and business transactions at both private and public companies. He was most recently Director of Corporate Development at SYNNEX/Concentrix, where he was primarily responsible for mergers and acquisitions. Mr. Dorst was previously Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) at SpectraScience, Inc.; CFO of Aethlon Medical, Inc. and Vice President of Finance and Operations for Verdisoft Corporation. In addition, he previously served as Senior Vice President of Finance and Administration at SeeCommerce; CFO and COO of Omnis Technology Corp; and CFO and Senior Vice President of Information Technology at Savoir Technology Group, Inc. Mr. Dorst practiced as a Certified Public Accountant with Coopers & Lybrand (now PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP); and holds a Master of Science degree in Accounting and a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance from the University of Oregon. We believe Mr. Dorst’s public company experience makes him well suited to sit on our Board.

Christopher Wetzel. Mr. Wetzel has more than 25 years of leadership experience in various aspects of the healthcare delivery system and since 2004, has served as Chief Executive Officer for the Surgery Center at Hamilton in New Jersey. His career has focused on building organizations, increasing operational efficiency, increasing profitability, maximizing revenue, and managing change in the complex and high-growth healthcare environment. Mr. Wetzel applied his broad background in strategy, finance, and operations to guide various entities starting new ventures, entering new markets, and reengineering business processes. He is a long-term investor in the extracorporeal therapy space. Mr. Wetzel received a Master of Business Administration degree in Healthcare Management and a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing from Thomas Jefferson University (formerly Philadelphia University). Mr. Wetzel’s experience in the health care field well serves him to sit on our Board.

Conflicts of Interest

Certain potential conflicts of interest are inherent in the relationships between our officers and directors and us.

From time to time, one or more of our affiliates may form or hold an ownership interest in and/or manage other businesses both related and unrelated to the type of business that we own and operate. These persons expect to continue to form, hold an ownership interest in and/or manage additional other businesses which may compete with our business with respect to operations, including financing and marketing, management time and services and potential customers. These activities may give rise to conflicts between or among the interests of us and other businesses with which our affiliates are associated. Our affiliates are in no way prohibited from undertaking such activities, and neither we nor our shareholders will have any right to require participation in such other activities.

We may transact business with some of our officers, directors and affiliates, as well as with firms in which some of our officers, directors or affiliates have a material interest, potential conflicts may arise between the respective interests of us and these related persons or entities. We believe that such transactions will be effected on terms at least as favorable to us as those available from unrelated third parties. As of this filing, we have not transacted business with any officer, director, or affiliate.

With respect to transactions involving real or apparent conflicts of interest, we have adopted policies and procedures which require that: (i) the fact of the relationship or interest giving rise to the potential conflict be disclosed or known to the directors who authorize or approve the transaction prior to such authorization or approval, (ii) the transaction be approved by a majority of our disinterested outside directors, and (iii) the transaction be fair and reasonable to us at the time it is authorized or approved by our directors.

Our policies and procedures regarding transactions involving potential conflicts of interest are not in writing. We understand that it will be difficult to enforce our policies and procedures and will rely and trust our officers and directors to follow our policies and procedures. We will implement our policies and procedures by requiring the officer or director who is not in compliance with our policies and procedures to remove himself and the other officers and directors will decide how to implement the policies and procedures, accordingly.

Corporate Governance

The Company promotes accountability for adherence to honest and ethical conduct; endeavors to provide full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and in other public communications made by the Company; and strives to be compliant with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations.

Director Independence

Our board of directors consists of five members, with three independent directors (all of our Non-Employee Directors are independent) in accordance with NASDAQ listing rule 5605(a)(2). Because our common stock is not currently listed on a national securities exchange, we have used the definition of “independence” of The NASDAQ Stock Market to make this determination. NASDAQ Listing Rule 5605(a)(2) provides that an “independent director” is a person other than an officer or employee of the company or any other individual having a relationship which, in the opinion of the company’s board of directors, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. The NASDAQ listing rules provide that a director cannot be considered independent if:

Board Composition

Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors, which consists of five members. Directors serve for a term of one year and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified.

Committees of the Board

On October 26, 2023, the Company established an audit, nominating, and compensation committee.

Our Audit Committee is primarily responsible for overseeing our risk management processes on behalf of our Board of Directors. The Audit Committee receives and reviews periodic reports from management, auditors, legal counsel, and others, as considered appropriate regarding our company’s assessment of risks. In addition, the Audit Committee reports regularly to the full Board of Directors, which also considers our risk profile. The Audit Committee and the full Board of Directors focus on the most significant risks facing our Company and our Company’s general risk management strategy, and also ensure that risks undertaken by our Company are consistent with the Board’s appetite for risk. While the Board oversees our company’s risk management, management is responsible for day-to-day risk management processes. We believe this division of responsibilities is the most effective approach for addressing the risks facing our company and that our Board leadership structure supports this approach.

The Company maintains a Scientific Advisory Board (“SAB”) to assist our Board of Directors by reviewing and evaluating our clinical development programs. We intend for our SAB members to receive per meeting fees and also be eligible to receive stock option compensation. However, a formal SAB compensation plan has not yet been approved by our Board of Directors.

Audit Committee Financial Expert

Mr. Dorst qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407(D)(5) of Regulation S-K, and our three new directors qualify as “independent” as the term is used in Item 7(d)(3)(iv)(B) of Schedule 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and as defined by Rule 4200(a)(14) of the FINRA Rules.

We believe that our directors are capable of analyzing and evaluating our consolidated financial statements and understanding internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. The directors of our Company do not believe that it is necessary to have an audit committee because management believes that the board of directors can adequately perform the functions of an audit committee.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

Our directors and our executive officers have not been involved in or a party in any of the following events or actions during the past ten years:

Code of Ethics

On October 25,2023, we adopted a Code of Ethics for our principal executive officers and senior management. The Code is designed to deter wrongdoing and promote honest and ethical conduct; full and fair disclosure in reports and documents submitted to the SEC; compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations; and the prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to appropriate persons by our senior management. A copy of our Code of Ethics can be accessed at https://www.sigyntherapeutics.com/investors/corporate-governance/governance-documents.

Role of Board of Directors in Risk Oversight

Our board of directors oversees an enterprise-wide approach to risk management, designed to support the achievement of business objectives, including organizational and strategic objectives, to improve long-term organizational performance and enhance stockholder value. The involvement of our board of directors in setting our business strategy is a key part of its assessment of management’s plans for risk management and its determination of what constitutes an appropriate level of risk for our company. The participation of our board of directors in our risk oversight process includes receiving regular reports from members of senior management on areas of material risk to our company, including operational, financial, legal and regulatory, and strategic and reputational risks.

While our board of directors has the ultimate responsibility for the risk management process, senior management and various committees of our board of directors, when formed, will also have responsibility for certain areas of risk management. Our senior management team is responsible for day-to-day risk management and regularly reports on risks to our full board of directors or a relevant committee. Our finance and regulatory personnel serve as the primary monitoring and evaluation function for company-wide policies and procedures, and manage the day-to-day oversight of the risk management strategy for our ongoing business. This oversight includes identifying, evaluating, and addressing potential risks that may exist at the enterprise, strategic, financial, operational, compliance and reporting levels.

Director Compensation

Effective October 10, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors appointed Ms. Richa Nand, Mr. Jim Dorst, and Mr. Chris Wetzel as non-executive members to the Company’s Board of Directors (“Director”). Each Director shall receive an annual retainer of $30,000 paid in equal quarterly amounts at the end of each quarter. In addition, each Director shall receive a grant of restricted stock units of $50,000, or at the discretion of the Board of Directors, options to acquire shares of common stock. Restricted stock units will be valued based on the average of the five trading days preceding and including the date of grant and will vest at a rate determined by the Board of Directors over one year. If options are granted, the options will be valued at the exercise price based on the average of the five trading days preceding and including the date of grant, have a ten-year term, and will vest at a rate determined by the Board of Directors.

Limitation on Liability and Indemnification Matters

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers, and may indemnify our employees and other agents, to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits our Certificate of Incorporation from limiting the liability of our directors for the following:

If Delaware law is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director, then the liability of our directors will be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as so amended. Our Certificate of Incorporation does not eliminate a director’s duty of care and in appropriate circumstances, equitable remedies, such as injunctive or other forms of non-monetary relief, remain available under Delaware law. This provision also does not affect a director’s responsibilities under any other laws, such as the federal securities laws or other state or federal laws. Under our bylaws, we will also be empowered to purchase insurance on behalf of any person whom we are required or permitted to indemnify.

The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws may discourage shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and our shareholders. A shareholder’s investment may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions. Insofar as we may provide indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act to our directors, officers, and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. There is no pending litigation or proceeding naming any of our directors or officers as to which indemnification is being sought, nor are we aware of any pending or threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification by any director or officer.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The following is a discussion and analysis of compensation arrangements of our named executive officers, or NEOs. This discussion contains forward looking statements that are based on our current plans, considerations, expectations and determinations regarding future compensation programs. Actual compensation programs that we adopt may differ materially from currently planned programs as summarized in this discussion. As an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, we are not required to include a Compensation Discussion and Analysis section and have elected to comply with the scaled disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies.

Summary Compensation Table

The particulars of the compensation paid to the following persons: (1) our principal executive officer; and (2) each of our two most highly compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers at the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, who we will collectively refer to as the “named executive officers” of the Company, are set out in the following summary compensation table:

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

Other than as disclosed below, there are no compensatory plans or arrangements with respect to our executive officers resulting from their resignation, retirement or other termination of employment or from a change of control.

Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table

None of our named executive officers received any grants of stock, option awards or other plan-based awards during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, except as described below in “Equity Compensation Plans and Other Benefit Plans” below.

Options Exercised and Stock Vested Table

None of our named executive officers exercised any stock options or restricted stock units during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Outstanding Equity Awards at 2023 Year End

Except as described below in “Equity Compensation Plans and Other Benefit Plans”, the Company has not issued any awards to its named executive officers. The Company and its board of directors may grant awards as it sees fit to its employees as well as key consultants. See the discussion of “Equity Compensation Plans and Other Benefit Plans” below.

Agreements with Executive Officers

Jim Joyce

Mr. Joyce receives an annual base salary of $455,000, plus bonus compensation not to exceed 50% of salary. Mr. Joyce’s employment also provides for medical insurance, disability benefits and one year of severance pay if his employment is terminated without cause or due to a change in control. Additionally, the Company has agreed to maintain a beneficial ownership target of 9% for Mr. Joyce. There is no written employment agreement for Mr. Joyce at this time.

Gerald DeCiccio

Mr. DeCiccio was hired December 6, 2023 as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. Mr. DeCiccio receives an annual base salary of $250,000, plus discretionary bonus compensation not to exceed 40% of salary. Mr. DeCiccio’s employment also provides for medical insurance, disability benefits and three months of severance pay if his employment is terminated without cause or due to a change in control. Additionally, Mr. DeCiccio was granted up to 17,500 options to purchase 17,500 of the Company’s common shares.

Craig Roberts

Mr. Roberts, the Company’s Chief Technology Officer (CTO) receives an annual base salary of $240,000 as well as medical insurance and related benefits. Mr. Roberts is eligible to receive bonus compensation at the discretion of the Sigyn Therapeutics, Inc. Board of Directors.

Equity Compensation Plans and Other Benefit Plans

The Company does not currently have any equity compensation plans and there are no arrangements or plans in which we provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. We have no material bonus or profit-sharing plans.

Indebtedness of Directors, Senior Officers, Executive Officers and Other Management

None of our directors or executive officers or any associate or affiliate of the Company during the last two fiscal years, is or has been indebted to the Company by way of guarantee, support agreement, letter of credit or other similar agreement or understanding currently outstanding.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table

The following table sets forth certain information concerning outstanding stock awards held by the Named Executive Officers for our year ended December 31, 2023:

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The following table sets forth information relating to the beneficial ownership our common stock as of February 16, 2024 by (i) each person known to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of common stock and (ii) each of our directors and executive officers. Unless otherwise noted below, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them. For purposes hereof, a person is deemed to be the beneficial owner of securities that can be acquired by such person within 60 days from the date hereof upon the exercise of warrants or options or the conversion of convertible securities. Each beneficial owner’s percentage ownership is determined by assuming that any warrants, options or convertible securities that are held by such person (but not those held by any other person) and which are exercisable within 60 days from the date hereof, have been exercised.

We are not aware of any person who owns of record, or is known to own beneficially, five percent or more of our outstanding securities of any class, other than as set forth above. We do not have an investment advisor. There are no current arrangements which will result in a change in control.

Equity Compensation Plans

The following represents a summary of the Equity Compensation grants and options awards outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and changes during the years then ended:

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Other than compensation arrangements, we describe below transactions and series of similar transactions, since January 1, 2020 (i.e., the last two completed fiscal years), to which we were a party or will be a party, in which the amounts involved exceeded or will exceed the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years; and any of our directors, executive officers, or holders of more than 5% of our capital stock, or any member of the immediate family of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest. Compensation arrangements, including employment agreements, for our directors and named executive officers are described elsewhere in “Executive Compensation - Agreements with Executive Officers.”

Employment Agreements

Mr. Joyce receives an annual base salary of $455,000, plus bonus compensation not to exceed 50% of salary. Mr. Joyce’s employment also provides for medical insurance, disability benefits and one year of severance pay if his employment is terminated without cause or due to a change in control. Additionally, the Company has agreed to maintain a beneficial ownership target of 9% for Mr. Joyce. The Company incurred compensation expense of $455,000 (including accrued compensation of $284,375) and $453,067 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Sigyn had no employment agreement with its CTO but Sigyn still incurred compensation on behalf of the CTO. The Company incurred compensation expense of $225,000 and $233,678 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Mr. DeCiccio was hired December 6, 2023 as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. Mr. DeCiccio receives an annual base salary of $250,000plus discretionary bonus compensation not to exceed 40% of salary. Mr. DeCiccio’s employment also provides for medical insurance, disability benefits and three months of severance pay if his employment is terminated without cause or due to a change in control. Additionally, Mr. DeCiccio will be granted up to 17,500 options to purchase 17,500 of the Company’s common shares.

On April 1, 2023, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with Dr. Annette Marleau whereby Dr. Marleau became the Company’s Chief Scientific Officer. Dr. Marleau receives an annual base salary of $300,000, with automatic 3% annual increases plus bonus compensation not to exceed 40% of salary. Dr. Marleau’s employment also provides for medical insurance, disability benefits and up to six months of severance pay if her employment is terminated by the Company. The Company incurred compensation expense of $225,000 (including accrued compensation of $100,000) and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Indemnification Agreements

We have entered or intend to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. These agreements, among other things, will require us to indemnify each individual to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, including indemnification of expenses such as attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by the individual in any action or proceeding, including any action or proceeding by or in right of us, arising out of the person’s services as a director, officer or other employee.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

Given our small size and limited financial resources, we have not adopted formal policies and procedures for the review, approval or ratification of transactions with our executive officer(s), director(s) and significant shareholders. We rely on our board to review related party transactions on an ongoing basis to prevent conflicts of interest. Our board reviews a transaction in light of the affiliations of the director, officer or employee and the affiliations of such person’s immediate family. Transactions are presented to our board for approval before they are entered into or, if this is not possible, for ratification after the transaction has occurred. If our board finds that a conflict of interest exists, then it will determine the appropriate remedial action, if any. Our board approves or ratifies a transaction if it determines that the transaction is consistent with the best interests of the Company. We intend to establish formal policies and procedures in the future, once we have sufficient resources and have appointed additional directors, so that such transactions will be subject to the review, approval or ratification of our board of directors, or an appropriate committee thereof.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The aggregate fees billed for the most recently completed fiscal period for the audit of our annual financial statements and services normally provided by the independent registered public accounting firm for this fiscal period were as follows: